The literal translation of “Islam” means peace which comes from the Arabic word “Salaam”. Islam is one of the world’s major monotheistic religions, with over a billion followers globally. It is based on the belief in one God (Allah) and the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad ﷺ, who is considered the final prophet in a line of prophets that includes figures such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, and Jesus.
Core Beliefs
In Islam, faith is composed of six core articles of faith.
Tawhid (Monotheism)
Islam emphasises the belief in the oneness of God. Allah is unique, without partners or equals, and is the creator and sustainer of the universe.
Prophethood (Risalah)
Muslims believe that God has sent prophets to guide humanity. Muhammad ﷺ is regarded as the last prophet, and his teachings complete the message delivered by earlier prophets.
Revelation (Quran)
The Quran is the holy book of Islam, believed to be the literal word of God as revealed to Muhammad ﷺ. It provides guidance on all aspects of life and is supplemented by the Hadith, records of the sayings and actions of Muhammad ﷺ.
Afterlife (Akhirah)
Islam teaches that there is a life after death, where individuals will be judged by Allah and rewarded or punished based on their deeds.
Angels (Mala’ika)
Belief in angels as messengers of God who perform various tasks, including delivering revelations to prophets and recording human deeds.
Five Pillars of Islam
The Five Pillars are the core practices required of Muslims to live a righteous life.
Shahada (Faith)
The declaration of faith: “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.”
Salah (Prayer)
Muslims are required to pray five times a day facing Mecca. These prayers occur at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset, and evening.
Zakat (Charity)
Muslims must give a portion of their wealth to those in need, usually calculated as 2.5% of their savings.
Sawm (Fasting)
During the month of Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn until sunset, abstaining from food, drink, smoking, and marital relations.
Hajj (Pilgrimage)
Muslims who are physically and financially able must perform the pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their lifetime.
Major Branches of Islam
Sunni Islam
The largest branch, Sunnis emphasise the community’s role in interpreting Islamic teachings and follow the traditions (Sunnah) of Muhammad ﷺ closely.
Shia Islam
Shia Muslims believe in the leadership of the Imams, descendants of Muhammad’s family, and emphasise the role of Ali, Muhammad’s cousin, and son-in-law.
Key Concepts and Practices
Sharia (Islamic Law)
A comprehensive legal system derived from the Quran and Hadith, governing all aspects of a Muslim’s life, including daily routines, familial and religious obligations, and financial dealings.
Jihad
Often misunderstood, jihad means “struggle” or “striving” in the way of God. It encompasses both personal inner struggles to live a righteous life.
Community (Ummah)
The global community of Muslims bound together by faith.